Category: Volume 01 Number 02

Introduction The use of chemically modified electrodes (CME) is a very important step in electroanalytical chemistry [1 – 10]. Compared to the bare electrodes, they have some advantages, like: Rapidity; Low cost; Precisity; Exactity Flexibility; Versatility in use; Affinity between the electrode modifier and the analyte. On the other hand, …

Introduction Bladder cancer (BC) is a disease of remarkable morbidity and mortality, characterized by high recurrence rate, pathological progression, and poor survival in advanced metastatic disease [1, 2]. BC accounts for nearly 30% of all cancers reported in Egypt, and this is accompanied with a high mortality rate relative to …

Introduction With large quantities of phosphates being used for various industrial processes, most especially fertilizer production, which invariably generates large volumes of phosphate-bearing waste effluents, its removal from waste effluents is of prime importance to prevent inherent problems associated with its discharge in the environment. Phosphate effluents treatment is achieved …

Introduction There are a variety of furan derivatives which were developed by linking N-heterocycles with carbohydrazides as a new scaffold of biological agents. The development of new efficient methods to synthesize N-heterocycles with structural diversity is one major interest of synthetic organic chemists. The utilization of 2(3H)-furanones for the construction …

Introduction Vanadium is a trace element of highly critical role in biochemical processes and of significant importance in environmental, biological and industrial analysis due to its toxicity. Vanadium is an essential oxygen carrier for marine organism [1,2]. Industrial exposure of vanadium has shown to cause eye and lung irritation due …

Introduction In phase rule, components3 (C) is equal to difference between the number of chemical species in the system and the number of equations relating the concentrations of these substances in an equilibrium system. This definition is especially useful in the case of constituents, which are capable of chemical interactions. …

Introduction Dental ceramics have developed increasingly and become popular because of their inimitable properties such as biocompatibility, chemical stability and superior aesthetic qualities.  However, one of the inherent disadvantages of dental ceramic restorations is their brittle nature.  This brittle behaviour combined with the presence of surface and internal flaws may …

Introduction While planning the implementation of wastewater treatment; environmental impact studies, treatment objective, levels and efficiency must be clearly addressed [1]. Among toxic substances reaching hazardous levels are heavy metals. Their environmental and health impact on man has raised the objective to efficiently remove these contaminants from wastewater. Indiscriminate release …

Introduction A biomaterial can be defined as any material, intended to interface with biological systems to treat, augment, or replace an organ or function of the body [1]. Any material used for this purpose, either in the oral cavity or another part of the body, therefore, has to be accepted …