Category: Current Issue

INTRODUCTION Medicinal plants are an important source of secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, tannins, terpenoids, flavonoids, and steroids, which possess significant antimicrobial properties. Across the world, researchers have studied various medicinal plants as therapeutic alternatives for effectively treating bacterial infections with fewer side effects on humans. The World Health Organization …

Despite remarkable progress in biotechnology and a growing understanding of biological systems, the discovery of new drugs remains a prolonged, complex, and expensive process with high attrition rates. Drug design, also called rational drug design, involves creating molecules that complement the shape and charge of biological targets, enhancing binding specificity …

Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) are advanced composites designed with a gradual variation in composition or microstructure over volume, which leads to corresponding changes in the material properties. This concept allows engineers to combine the desirable properties of two or more materials within a single component—for instance, high toughness and thermal …

Palladium-based materials possess unique chemical and physical properties, making them indispensable across multiple industries, including instrumentation, chemical manufacturing, jewelry, dentistry, and medicine¹. Owing to palladium’s widespread applications, there is a critical need for rapid and accurate methods to determine Pd(II) in real samples. Several analytical techniques—atomic absorption spectrometry²˒³, spectrophotometry⁴˒⁵, voltammetry⁶˒⁷, …

Biguanide and its derivatives have long been utilized as drugs in medical science. Metformin is commonly prescribed as an oral hypoglycemic agent for patients with type 2 diabetes. Similarly, proguanil is used as an antimalarial drug; phenyl biguanide acts as a 5-HT3 receptor agonist; and phenylaminopropyl biguanide serves as a …

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder associated with aging, characterized by progressive cognitive decline, cholinergic dysfunction, and memory impairment. Current statistics indicate that nearly 50 million people worldwide live with dementia, with this number expected to reach 152 million by 2050. Existing treatments primarily rely on acetylcholinesterase …

Introduction Water scarcity and pollution threaten the health of billions globally. Reports from the World Health Organization (WHO) estimate that over 2 billion people consume water contaminated with pathogens or hazardous chemicals, resulting in more than 485,000 diarrheal deaths annually. Traditional water treatment methods—filtration, coagulation, flocculation, and disinfection—face limitations in …