Category: Volume 08 Number 03

Introduction: Irrigation water quality critically affects soil physical structure, crop yield and long-term sustainability of agricultural land. Salinity, sodium hazard, specific ion toxicities (e.g., boron, chloride) and infiltration problems are the main concerns when evaluating water for irrigation. The Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) guidelines remain the principal international reference …

Introduction Nanotechnology primarily emphasizes the fabrication of nanoparticles (NPs) with controlled sizes, shapes, and physicochemical properties, aiming to harness their potential benefits for humanity (1,2). Among the rapidly evolving domains of nanotechnology is the synthesis of metal nanoparticles, typically ranging in size from 1 to 100 nanometers (nm). When materials …

INTRODUCTION The genus Cymbidium Swartz is a member of the Orchidaceae family, which includes about 48–55 species and is primarily available in subtropical and tropical Asia1.Cymbidium orchids are impressive in worldwide horticulture because of their fragrant flowers and variegated leaves, and they have been grown for over ten centuries2-3. In Vietnam, …