Introduction : Isatin (1H-indole-2,3-dione) is a synthetically versatile substrate that has gained considerable attention due to its broad spectrum of biological and pharmaceutical activities. As an indole derivative, isatin contains an indole nucleus along with keto and lactam functional groups, making it a highly reactive and flexible scaffold for chemical modification. …
Introduction: Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is a highly toxic heavy metal frequently discharged into the environment through industrial effluents from leather tanning, electroplating, textile, and metal-processing industries. Due to its strong oxidizing properties and high solubility in water, Cr(VI) poses severe environmental hazards, including contamination of surface and groundwater, as well …
Introduction: Salicylic acid (SA) is a naturally occurring phenolic compound widely recognized for its anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activities. It functions primarily by inhibiting cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1 and COX-2), thereby reducing the synthesis of prostaglandins, which are key mediators of inflammation and pain. Despite its well-established pharmacological profile, the clinical …
Introduction: Natural farming is a sustainable agricultural approach that emphasizes working in harmony with nature by minimizing human intervention and avoiding synthetic chemicals. Often referred to as “chemical-free” or “do-nothing” farming, this method focuses on enhancing soil fertility and ecosystem health through natural processes. It combines traditional agricultural practices with …
Introduction: Phenothiazine derivatives have long been of interest in medicinal chemistry owing to diverse biological activities (antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, neuroactive) and the ease of structural modification of their bicyclic core. Azaphenothiazines and diazaphenothiazinone variants — where benzene rings are replaced by azine units or a carbonyl is embedded — expand …
