Category: Volume 03 Number 04

1. Introduction Benzothiazole derivatives have attracted extensive attention in medicinal chemistry due to their diverse pharmacological activities, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. The benzothiazole nucleus is frequently employed as a pharmacophore in drug discovery. Modifications at the 2- and 6-positions of benzothiazole have been shown to significantly influence biological …

1. Introduction Coordination chemistry remains a vital field of research due to its relevance in materials science, medicinal chemistry, and catalysis. Mixed-ligand complexes, which contain two or more types of ligands bound to a single metal center, offer enhanced chemical diversity and tunability of their physical properties compared to single-ligand …

1. Introduction The global energy sector is under increasing pressure to reduce reliance on fossil fuels and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. Biofuels derived from vegetable oils have gained attention as renewable alternatives to petroleum-based fuels [6, 9]. Palm oil, due to its high oil content, low cost, and abundant availability …

1. Introduction Heavy metal pollution in water has become a critical concern due to rapid industrialization, mining, and urban activities. Among these metals, lead (Pb) is highly toxic, non-biodegradable, and bioaccumulative, causing severe neurological, renal, and developmental disorders in humans. The permissible limit of Pb(II) in drinking water, as per …

Introduction Blood and Haematological Parameters Blood is a vital special circulatory tissue composed of cells suspended in a fluid intercellular substance (plasma) with the major function of maintaining homeostasis (Isaac et al., 2013). Haematological parameters, which consists of red blood cells, white blood cells or leucocytes, mean corpuscular volume, mean …