The processes of acid and enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat straw using the strain Aspergillus awamori F-RKM 0719 have been investigated. Among these, enzymatic hydrolysis is considered the most promising approach for converting plant biomass. However, during the enzymatic breakdown of cellulosic materials, the sugar yield often remains below 20% of the theoretical maximum. One of the major challenges lies in overcoming the physicochemical barriers that limit enzyme accessibility to cellulose. Addressing this issue requires the development of cost-effective pretreatment methods for raw materials. The efficiency of such pretreatment directly influences both the sugar yield in enzymatic hydrolysis and the overall economic viability of the process.