Aloe vera is widely recognized for its significant medicinal properties and is considered one of the richest natural sources contributing to human well-being. Phytochemical studies have revealed that the plant contains over 200 biologically active compounds. The inner leaf gel is particularly notable for its diverse bioactive constituents, which contribute to many of the therapeutic attributes associated with Aloe species. Research has largely focused on the biological activities of these species, especially the antibacterial and antimicrobial effects of the nonvolatile compounds present in the leaf gel.
Aloe* species are predominantly distributed across Africa and Eastern Europe, though they are now cultivated and utilized worldwide. The genus comprises more than 400 species, among which A. vera, A. ferox, and A. arborescens are the most commercially important. A. vera, in particular, exhibits a broad spectrum of medicinal properties, including antitumor, antiarthritic, anticancer, and antidiabetic activities. Additionally, it has been traditionally recommended for managing constipation, gastrointestinal disorders, and immune system deficiencies.
Despite its extensive use, detailed information on the bioactive properties of Aloe gel remains limited. This review highlights the comprehensive composition of Aloe gel, its phytoconstituents with diverse biological functions, their role in promoting health and preventing disease, and the wide range of applications of this plant in various fields.