This study investigates the preparation, physicochemical characterization, and caffeine adsorption performance of biochars produced from fique bagasse at three pyrolysis temperatures (450, 650 and 850 °C). Biochars were characterized by yield, proximate/elemental analysis, BET surface area, pore volume, pH, FTIR and SEM. Batch adsorption experiments evaluated the effects of contact time, initial caffeine concentration, pH and adsorbent dose. Isotherm models (Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich–Peterson) and kinetic models (pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, intraparticle diffusion) were fitted to the data. Increasing pyrolysis temperature decreased yield and volatile content but increased surface area and basicity; the highest adsorption capacity was observed for the biochar produced at 850 °C. Kinetic data were best described by the pseudo-second-order model and equilibrium fitted well to the Langmuir (and Redlich–Peterson for some samples) model, indicating monolayer chemisorption dominated by surface heterogeneity. The best-performing sample (FB850) achieved a Langmuir q_max ≈ 38–45 mg·g⁻¹ under experimental conditions. These results show fique bagasse—an agricultural residue—can be valorized into effective adsorbents for removing caffeine from aqueous media. (Key models and comparable studies cited.)