The removal of heavy metals from aqueous environments remains a global challenge due to their toxicity and persistence. In this study, the adsorption behavior of Pb(II) ions on surfactant micelles of different types—anionic (sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS), cationic (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, CTAB), and nonionic (Triton X-100)—was systematically investigated. Adsorption experiments were carried out under varying pH, contact time, temperature, and initial Pb(II) concentrations. The kinetics of adsorption were modeled using pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intraparticle diffusion equations. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔG°, ΔH°, ΔS°) were calculated to evaluate the spontaneity and heat nature of the process. Results indicated that Pb(II) adsorption on cationic micelles was higher compared to anionic and nonionic micelles due to favorable electrostatic interactions. The adsorption followed pseudo-second-order kinetics and exhibited endothermic and spontaneous behavior. This study highlights the potential of surfactant micelles as cost-effective, tunable adsorbents for the removal of Pb(II) from aqueous systems.