Urban wastewater contains a wide variety of organic pollutants, including synthetic dyes such as Malachite Green (MG), which pose significant environmental and health risks due to their toxicity, persistence, and resistance to biodegradation. The present review examines the potential of local clay from the El Oued region of Algeria for the treatment of dye-contaminated urban wastewater. It provides an overview of the physicochemical characteristics of urban wastewater, the properties and hazards of MG, and the mineralogical composition of local clays. The mechanisms of dye removal through adsorption onto clay surfaces are discussed, along with the influence of operational parameters such as adsorbent dose, contact time, initial concentration, pH, temperature, and ionic strength. In addition, the article compiles previous studies on the use of natural and modified clays for dye removal and presents a simulated experimental study evaluating MG adsorption on El Oued clay. The simulated results suggest that natural clay from El Oued can achieve removal efficiencies exceeding 95% under optimized conditions, with adsorption following the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetics. The review highlights the potential of using locally available, low-cost clays as eco-friendly and sustainable adsorbents for treating dye-laden urban wastewater