Aniline (C₆H₅NH₂) is a widely used industrial chemical and a toxic pollutant found in wastewater and air emissions from dye, pharmaceutical, and petrochemical industries. Adsorption-based removal remains among the most effective mitigation strategies owing to its simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and adaptability. Boron–carbon–nitrogen (BC₂N) nanotubes (BC₂NNTs) combine features of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs), offering tunable electronic properties, thermal stability, and potential functionalization sites. This review summarizes current knowledge on aniline removal using nanotube-based adsorbents with a focus on BC₂N nanotubes. We examine structural and electronic properties, adsorption mechanisms, modeling, comparative studies, and application prospects. The review highlights BC₂N nanotubes as promising candidates for aniline capture but emphasizes the need for experimental adsorption isotherms, regeneration studies, and scale-up assessments.