The objectives of this micro review are to summarize the advantages associated with CaO-MgO based binary oxides (CMBOs) as main catalysts in heterogeneous catalysis. Literature survey reveals that CMBOs are efficient and inexpensive solid-base heterogeneous catalysts and highly considerable in optimizing a variety of well-known C-C and C-heteroatom bond forming organic conversions such as Transesterification, Knoevenagel/Aldol condensations, Isomerization, Oligomerization, Acetylation, Henry reaction, Alcoholysis, Aza-Michael addition, Cracking of Alkanes, H2-production via steam reforming, Photodegradation of organic pollutants and so forth. The literature survey further visualizes that the surface properties of CMBOs such as Bronsted/ Lewis’s basicity, surface area, particle size, Ca: Mg ratios and synergism between Ca and Mg are extremely useful to promote them as efficient catalysts compared to their single oxide counterparts (pure CaO and pure MgO). The rightness of proposed mechanisms of CMBO catalyzed C-C and C-heteroatom bond forming reactions is also elicited in the discussion. Moreover, the precursors for CMBOs are inexpensive, highly abundant and eco-compatible. Apart from the catalytic applications, the suitability of the CMBOs in sorption studies including CO2 uptake, ethanol steam reforming, and heavy metal ion removal is also discussed.