This study investigated waste management practices and their epidemiological implications in urban and rural communities within Yakurr Local Government Area, Cross River State, Nigeria. The study highlights the inadequacy of waste management infrastructure and the differing capacities and perceptions toward waste disposal. The objectives included assessing the types and volumes of waste generated, identifying disposal methods and sites, and comparing urban-rural waste management strategies. Data collection employed questionnaires and environmental sampling. The study found that both traditional and modern waste disposal methods are in use, with significant public health and ecological implications. The findings underscore the need for structured and regulated waste management to safeguard community health.