Dengue fever is a major vector-borne viral disease causing significant morbidity and mortality in tropical and subtropical regions. Currently, no specific antiviral treatment exists, and supportive care remains the mainstay of therapy. Carica papaya (papaya) leaves have emerged as a promising natural remedy for dengue, primarily for their ability to increase platelet counts and modulate immune responses. This review consolidates evidence on the phytoconstituents, proposed mechanisms, in vitro and in vivo research, clinical trials, and safety profiles of papaya leaf extracts against dengue. The data collectively suggest a therapeutic potential warranting further exploration through well-controlled clinical trials.